Introduction
Indonesia extends viewing on the equatorial line to enjoy the tropical climate is composed of two main seasons: dry and wet. We advise you to visit Indonesia in the dry season so that Ttfedua days and full weeks of rain and flooding. However, Indonesia remains a masterpiece in all seasons and seasons, Bdzrha which more than 17,000 islands, of which nearly 6,000 inhabited island.
Food in Indonesia chock-full of spices and flavors and colors. You can not feel bored for a moment and you discover Gastronomic this great country and the huge, where more than counting the population for 250000000 million people, more than 80% of whom are Muslims. Despite these obvious religious distribution, but that Indonesia ensure religious pluralism and freedom of belief and the six official religions.
With this huge number of islands turn to recreational marine elements essential part of the tourism sector, where diving, skiing, clubbing stunning beaches on small islands scattered everywhere. How can a person to visit all these islands, large and small, and does not wish to extend the residence time and again?
I've gone through Indonesia in recent years, political reforms and democracy and media, which is transformed with time into a developed country economically with the increase and improvement in infrastructure in the media, transportation and communication, especially in the internal transportation between parts of the vast country: from Sumatra through Java, Bali and Kalmntan and Bapau.
Can not be exaggerated, one describing the beauty of this country overflowing tropical forests and green areas and mountainous, parallel to the sea and the infinite riches. Do not forget Qavatkm and bottles of good water and vaccinations. Indonesia Aldharoria- you all the surprises in store for the Near East ...
Building political
Nature of the system: a presidential republic.
The nature of the ruling and title: Head of State.
Name Capital: Jakarta.
Number of provinces / Petty: Indonesia consists of 33 provinces (province), are all concentrated in six central regions: Sumatra (9 counties), Java (6 provinces including the capital), Kalmntan (4 provinces), Nusa Tenggara (3 counties), Sulawesi (6 counties) and the Maluku Islands and Bapau (4 provinces). Even in 1999, East Timor was part of Indonesia.
Geography
Area: 1904569 km.
Population: 248 216 193 inhabitants (the fourth country in the world).
Geographical features and landmarks: Indonesia consists of 17,508 islands, of which nearly 6,000 islands are inhabited, stretching along the equator. The largest island in Indonesia: Sumatra and Kalmntan (Bornao) and Java, and New Guinea (Bapau) and Sulawesi and Bali. Indonesian islands formed as remnants of the great land were stretches in the past between Asia and Australia and sank into the sea out of date. Stretch Islands Indonesia on two continents: Asia and Oceania. The presence on the islands, "plate tectonics" leads to earthquakes and tremors and tsunami frequent reversals. As Indonesia is located on the "Ring of Fire" surrounding the Pacific Ocean and a large number of volcanoes, the most famous volcano Krakatoa.
Internal partition, and places a milestone: the island of Java is the largest island in the world inhabited by population, while the form Bonchak Jaya in Papua, Indonesia's highest peak (4884 meters), the Lake Toba in Sumatra island, is the largest lake (1145 km ²). Indonesia is the longest river and the river Mmahaxam Pareto located in Kalimantan, which is the mechanism of communication and travel in the central island.
Longitude and latitude: Indonesia lies between latitudes 11 ° and 6 ° south to the north, and longitudes 95 ° and 141 ° east longitude.
Community
Nationalities: Indonesia has a large number of ethnic groups of up to nearly 300 ethnic, speak 742 languages and dialects, while the origin of most Indonesians due to the Austronesian roots, which are believed to be originally from Taiwan. Of other ethnicities: Almilanazion who inhabit eastern Indonesia, while the Javanese form the largest ethnic group (42% of the population), and they dominated the country politically and culturally. Besides Javanese there Alsondion and Almlaiuyon and Almadurion, and a few numbers concentrated in cities and urban centers of the assets Chinese, Indian and European, Arab, and constitutes a Indonesians Chinuin influential ethnic minority population of up to 3-4%. Despite this wide range, Indonesia remains a harmonious society to a large extent, despite the tensions, social, religious, ethnic and provoke violence in recent years.
Religions: Indonesian Constitution recognizes freedom of religion for all. Although Indonesia is not an Islamic state are considered formally, but it contains the largest Muslim nation in the world among Muslim nations, as in Indonesia accounted for up to 86.1% (2000 census), the majority of the year. The rest of the religions Vttozaa as follows: Christians 9%, 3% Hindu, Buddhists and other minorities 2%. The majority of Indonesians are Baleon Hindus, Buddhists and most current in Indonesia are ethnic Chinese.
Islam entered Indonesia through the northern island of Sumatra in the 13th century AD, via traders to become the dominant religion in the 16th century and reached as Catholic Christian to Indonesia via the Portuguese colonizers and missionaries and the spread of Protestantism after the missionary efforts during the Dutch colonization of the country. Other religions in Indonesia are many and notably: Alabagan Javanese and Balinese Hindus, Christians and Orthodox Aldayak, and the doctrine of conciliation between religions, which depends on the participation and consensus customs, traditions and beliefs.
The official religion: the government officially recognizes six religions are central: Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism and Confucianism.
Official language: Indonesian.
Other languages: in addition to the language spoken by the Indonesian Indonesian Bgalbithm Great as the language of business, politics, media, education, and academia, the majority of Indonesians speak several languages at least hundreds of languages and dialects. The Javanese most widely spoken language as the language of the largest ethnic group, while there is in Papua more than 270 languages of the indigenous people and the range of these languages to the origins of papal Ostrunezih. And other languages spoken Arabic and English.
Date
Old Date: Indonesia was composed in ancient times from several different kingdoms. The excavations suggest the existence of what is known as "Java man" who was living in the Indonesian archipelago since hundreds of thousands of years. The Austronesian peoples came from Southeast Asia around 2000 BC, deploying in the areas of the archipelago. Has prevailed in the region at the time the ideal conditions for agriculture, where has control over the cultivation of rice in the fields, wet early in the eighth century BC, and this has led to the emergence of villages and towns, and small kingdoms in the first century BC, to enhance the matter of the status of Indonesian islands and links with the kingdoms of India and China , these islands to become a prominent trading power since that period.
In the seventh century, the greater the power of the kingdom of Srivijaya maritime strengthened with Slalta Slindera Buddhist and Hindu Kingdom of Mataram Alzeraitan, also founded the Hindu Majapahit Empire in East Java at the end of the thirteenth century. Although Muslim traders arrived in Southeast Asia in the early Islamic era, however, Islam spread to areas of the Indonesian gradually until it became the dominant religion in Java and Sumatra by the end of the 16th century.
The first was the arrival of European colonialism to Indonesia in 1512 with the arrival of Portuguese merchant ships that wish monopolizing sources of nutmeg, cloves, Kababh. Then began a dispute between the Dutch and British traders, to establish the Dutch 1602 Dutch East India Company, which dominated the region.
Contemporary history: It was the first use of the name "Indonesia" areas that make up today's state at the end of the nineteenth century. And seized control of the Netherlands during the colonial period on the coastal areas, to end up with the Dutch colonial Japanese occupation during World War II who was encouraged by Indonesia's independence revolution which suppressed the Dutch earlier. Two days after the surrender of Japan in August 1945, the nationalist leader Sukarno great declaration of independence and was appointed president, and fever Alaaalan Alhhod armed struggle and diplomacy that forced the Netherlands to recognize the declaration of independence in 1949.
Sukarno and balanced judgment between maintaining his power base and between the opposing forces (army and the Indonesian Communist Party). In 1965 foiled coup attempt Sukarno I follow cleansing campaign against the communists, completely destroying the party. With time, he succeeded Gen. Suharto -qaúd Army in weakening Sukarno then politically appointed president in March 1968, has the support of the Government of the United States. Suharto encouraged foreign direct investment, which form an essential Madmaka in the subsequent three decades of economic growth witnessed in the Great Indonesia. It was "new regime" authoritarian accused widely of corruption and suppression of political opposition.
Indonesia was the country most affected by the Asian financial crisis in 1997, has led popular discontent of the "new system" to popular protests sweeping led to the resignation of Suharto in 1998 and the following year the voice of the East Timorese are in favor of separation from Indonesia after military rule that lasted 25 years.
Since Suharto's resignation strengthened democratic processes and programs of regional autonomy, and held the first direct presidential election in 2004, The decline in political instability, economic and social unrest, corruption and terrorism, as well as improved performance of the economy. A highlight has been achieved is a political settlement of the armed conflict in the separatist province of Aceh in 2005.
The Republic of Indonesia is today a presidential system, a unified state where authorities concentrated However, the central government. The People's Consultative Assembly, the highest representative body at the national level, which consists of two parts: the Council of People's Deputies (560 members) and the House of Representatives regions (132 members).
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