Tourism in switzerland

Introduction

Switzerland is the state of the Alps, surrounded by land from all destinations with it contains more than 1,500 Lake, between large and modest. Where a high level of life and its economy stable. In the north and west of Germany, France and southern Italy and eastern Austria.

Switzerland is famous for its magnificent landscapes and mountains and lakes, where you play Toborgravea where a central role in shaping the economy, culture and political traditions, in addition to its great international tourism. Aftbiatha mountain made ​​it difficult to develop than traditional agricultural system, forcing the population to look for different industries and productions, most notably milk, cheese, chocolate, watches smart.

Switzerland has a Btnoaah large and very rich ethnicities, languages, cultures, customs and traditions. Three-quarters of the population speak Swiss German dialect and the rest between frenchifying, Italian and Romansh, and other languages ​​such as Arabic rates low and Hinduism. All of this has arisen in light of long-standing democratic tradition since the mid-eighteenth century with Zman autonomy relative to all Kantonadtha 26.

Due to its strategic decision since the mid-eighteenth century, not to run Aharobac and conflicts, it has been characterized by the nature of neutral, which turned it into the headquarters of international organizations and international work on the cosmic level, has resulted in a legal amendment ensures complete confidentiality of bank accounts to be converted to the capital of international finance and banking.

Switzerland is a country of first-class tourist, attraction where strong and beautiful and is ahead of you in pompous analyzed in June and July ...

Building political

Nature of the system: a federal parliamentary system.

The nature of the ruling and title: Head of State.

Name Capital: Bern.

Number of provinces / Petty: Switzerland is formed of 26 cantons each with broad autonomy in many areas. These cantons and fall under the Federal Parliament consists of a comprehensive "Council cantons" (two for each Canton and a member of each half canton) and the "National Council" and the 200-member proportionally with the size of each canton. Each canton is divided into a number of local authorities. In total there are in Switzerland 2,889 different local authority.

Geography

Area: 41,277 km Arabs.

Population: 7655628 inhabitants (2012 estimate).

Geographical features and landmarks: Switzerland is one of the smallest European countries, and is bordered to the north of Germany, Italy and the south of France and Austria to the west from the east. It extends to the Alps and across the main crossings that penetrate this mountain chain and link status of Europe and south, and between France and South-Eastern Europe.

Switzerland consists of mountains and hills. And more than one area of ​​rising from the sea more than 1000 meters. And can be diagnosed by the presence of three regions stretching from the southwest to the northeast: the Jura mountains, and the so-called Middle Earth Plateau Switzerland (Le Plateau Suisse) and the Alps. Switzerland is also considered one of the richest European countries where water and nearly 1550 small lake and large tables and many springs. Among these many floods, there is only three rivers considered Kanhar centralized and large: River Alar (Aar) and the River Rhine and the Rhone River.

The water turned heavy and varied topography Switzerland is home to a large and diverse to different plants and trees, and especially the diverse forests and different, such as oak and beech forests and fir and others.

Longitude and latitude: Switzerland is located between Longitude 8 ° 0 '0 "in the north and the risk of width 47 ° 0' 0" East.

Community

Nationalities: characterized by the distribution of population in Switzerland as diverse as the administrative structure. And more densely populated areas are the cantons cities, especially those scattered around Basel, Geneva and Zurich. The greater the height of the residential area less congestion. In the mountains of Alar Alazdam average, while the Alpine cantons characterized by low population density, with higher density in large lawns stretching around the Alps.

Switzerland is characterized by internal migration between the cantons and the areas of differences and make distributions ethnic, religious and linguistic less obvious. The majority of the population of Switzerland from German groups, with minorities speak Italian and French. And constitute a minority of foreign residents and temporary approximately 22% of the population, with its origins in 60% of them to the European Union and the "European Association for Free Trade" (Iceland, Norway and Switzerland and Khtnstein). The Italians are the largest foreign group where the proportion of up to 17.3% of the total foreigners, followed by Germans (13.2%), Serbs and Almontngrion (11.5%) and Portuguese (11.3%). The Aseralanikon largest group of foreigners in Switzerland of Asia. Switzerland is experiencing in recent years, a remarkable increase in hostility to foreigners.

Demographics: Religion: Although the Swiss Constitution begins with the words "name of the Lord," but that Switzerland is a secular state and has no official religion. The Catholic Christianity most widespread (41.8%) and Protestant (35.5%) and 11% do not owe a certain doctrine. The Islamic religion in fourth place (4.3%), the majority of Kosovars and Bosnians, Turks, and there is a minority of Eastern Orthodox (1.8%), and there are other religious minorities such as Judaism, Buddhism and Hinduism.

Official language: in Switzerland has four official languages​​: German, French, Italian and Romansh.

Other languages​​: talking about 75% of the population of Switzerland, the German language, where the Swiss German dialect controlled the Switzerland of Central and north and the north-east. And speaks French nearly 19% of the population, mainly in the west and south-west of Switzerland, while congregate speaking in Italian (approximately 4%) in some meadows Grobndn, and speaks nearly 50,000 people speak Romansh, with almost all Swiss speak at least two languages ​​of the state.

To prevent confusion and multiplicity of languages ​​in official publications, the official name of Switzerland contained in all the stamps is "Hlfatya" (Helvetia) which is the ancient name of the state in Latin. The two characters who symbolize for Switzerland in the names of Web sites or auto numbers are CH, an acronym for the name of the state Latin: Confoederatio Helvetica (Confederate Alhlfatyh).

Date

Old Date: settled in the area known today as Switzerland Celtic tribes since 1500 BC. The housing area is also Alhlvatyon, In the Roman era Romania adopted the culture and the Latin language. After the fall of the Romanian Empire Germanic tribes occupied the area, and then later turned the region to the control of the Kingdom of Franks (France today). After the death of the great Carl Tksmt region between Luther and the German Ludwig, in the framework of an agreement Verdun. The form of this Agreement and the subsequent developments in the ethnic composition of Switzerland Germans, French and Italians, and the nucleus of the small Natqah Baromanceh, they are the descendants of the indigenous Celts in Switzerland. After the control of a number of rulers in this region have undergone in 1033 to control the Romanian Christian Empire.

Switzerland has begun to form a separate political framework through the "eternal alliance", which occurred in 1291 and designed the system of relations between the first three cantons (Uri, Switzerland and Oontrvaldn), and form the nucleus of the Swiss Confederation. This union has sought to defend the cantons in the face of the control of the house of Habsburg. In 1315 these cantons forced to defend the alliance against the army in the battle of Alhbsbergui Morgrtin. These conflicts have formed the nucleus of the growth of the myth of Wilhelm request, the Swiss national hero, who fought Herman Guslr, the governor of the Austrian despot. The success of these three cantons in maintaining their independence to other areas to join the coalition to form the nucleus of degree 13 Cantona and a supplement and an ally, an area largely match the area of ​​the state of contemporary Swiss.

Switzerland was the period of the Protestant Reformation in the field of activity of the Protestant evangelization, where the conflict between the Protestant and Catholic civil war unresolved topic clearly. Switzerland almost did not participate in the Thirty Years' War, with the exception of the conflict waged by Canton Grobndan who was an ally of Switzerland, on the meadow Holtlina versus France and Spain, a conflict that helped shape the national identity of Switzerland.

Contemporary history: Switzerland was until 1798 a confederation of semi-independent states. At this year's French forces occupied a subsidiary of the French Revolution and the state announced by the "Republic of Hlfatyh," as a single and united with central rule. This arrangement was abolished in 1803 by Napoleon, who on Switzerland to federal. In 1815, in the wake of the "Congress of Vienna", took place in Zurich, "a federal agreement" to re-shape former political Switzerland: a confederation of independent and impartial small countries with a sovereign independent judgment.

The internal wrangling led between liberals and conservatives and between Protestants and Catholics, to establish an alliance between the six counties and Catholic cantons, in 1847, calling itself the "Zondrbund." This was contrary to the coalition agreement the federal therefore launched a war on the rest of the cantons "Zondrbund" and dismantled. The war was "Zondrbund" the last war, which ignites on Swiss territory, and in 1848 led to the drafting of a new constitution under which the country turned into a confederation of states into a federal state (vehicle of self-governing cantons internal, but not sovereign), its capital, Bern.

And the granting of the Constitution of 1848 and later the Constitution of 1874 and in 1891 expanded rights to the central system, and canceled the broad independence, which was granted to the cantons. Founded in 1863 in Switzerland, the International Red Cross in Switzerland ratified the 1864 Geneva Convention on the first. Switzerland has become the headquarters for international destinations and a place known Lakeadath political. I have taken the League of Nations, the Geneva-based Tltht and many NGOs.

In the period between the two world wars remained in Switzerland perseverance principle of neutrality did not arming. The neutrality of Switzerland and the evolution of the banking system in 1934, which was based on complete secrecy, led to economic growth in Switzerland, while European countries have suffered the devastation of wars Alkonatan.

Switzerland today is a liberal democracy in the heart of Europe with a thriving economy. The Swiss referee system includes elements of direct democracy and the use of so much public referendums. However, where women are granted the right to vote not only in 1971 and in 1979 broke away from the canton of Jura canton of Bern, who was a follower of his, this has been the recent change that has occurred on the number and area of ​​the Swiss cantons.

Did not join Switzerland to EU membership, but fall under the agreement the European Association for Free Trade (EFTA), a framework parallel to the Union, which was held in 1960, however, and unlike the rest of the other CIS (Iceland, Belgium and Khtnstein) that regulate trade with Europe in the framework of "European Economic Area "(EEA), Switzerland regulate trade ties with Europe, according to bilateral agreements. Switzerland did not join the United Nations as a full member only in 2002.