Introduction
State of interesting and exciting stretch on two large islands separated by the South China Sea. From the western side of the Sea is located in Peninsular Malaysia is located east of Borneo, which is divided between them and Indonesia. Has been influenced by the history of this country events and movements and migrations and invasions since the dawn of history, so that they form a mixture rich in Malaysia and sexy of cultures and religions, including Islam, Buddhism, Christianity and Chinese, not to mention the many small cultures spanning different regions.
This is reflected in the rich cultural and civilizational in food, clothing, architecture, rituals and folk customs and daily life, and for any tourist, the mobility between regions and cultures in Malaysia is the journey of life, and a lesson in tolerance and the ability to invest the differences and the distinctions in order to get rich human and utility.
The vast majority of the population in Malaysia are Muslims, but Malaysia is not a country in the militant Islamic Sharia, on many levels. Malaysia has witnessed revolutions technology, media and science in recent years, which is today one of the most advanced countries of East Asia.
Orientations enormous made it a target of a major tourist attraction on the international level and on the level of the Arab and Islamic world. Froaj this country tourists between the Arabs and Muslims to pay towards the recent strength of the Arab presence at all levels, and there is a new scheme to build the first Arab city in Malaysia soon.
You can not get tired of forest and islands and marine life. You have to be careful for the different regions and cultures, but Malaysia remains a boon for tourists as the State of cheap shopping and more than 300 product is exempt from taxes.
Building political
Nature of the system: state ownership of electoral constitutional federalism.
The nature of the ruling and title: Sultan (king).
Name Capital: Kuala Lumpur.
Number of provinces / Petty: Malaysia is composed of 13 states, where the 11 states in Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo Olaatan in, and to her three federal regions. Each state is composed of the regions, so-called smallest division in each region "Mokim." Federal Territories three are: the mandate and the mandate of the Federal Kuala Lumpur Labuan Federal and mandate of the Federal Putrajaya. The other 13 states are: Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Malacca, Njeri Smpelln, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Penang, Sabah, Selangor, Terengganu and Sarawak.
Geography
Area: 330 803 square kilometers (127 354 square miles).
Population: 28334135 inhabitants (2010 statistics).
Geographical features and landmarks: Malaysia is a country interesting and unusual hand Tksimitha geographical and political boundaries, where the line between naughty Malaysia South China Sea. It is located east Malaysian Borneo and in the western side of the Malay Peninsula. It features sections western and eastern coastal plains, which rises in a large number of places the problem of hills and mountains covered with dense forests, the top of Mount Kinabalu and a height of 4,095.2 meters on the island of Borneo. Separated by the Strait of Malacca between Sumatra island and peninsular Malaysia, one of the most important shipping lanes in the world, while the Johor Strait separates it from Singapore.
Kuala Lumpur is the official capital and the largest city in Malaysia and the main center of trade and economic, while Putrajaya constitute the federal capital and managerial. Among the major cities in Malaysia: George Town and Ipoh and Johor Baru and Kuching and Kota Kinabalu and Miri and Alor Star and Malacca and Kuala Terengganu and Kota Baru and Kuantan and Batalling Jaya.
Longitude and latitude: Malaysia is located between Longitude 3 ° 8 'north latitude 101 ° 41' east.
Community
Nationalities: Malaysia is composed of several ethnic groups, the largest of Malays who are Muslims and practicing Malay tradition and culture (50.4%) and then Albomeybotra (11%), they are the indigenous people of the non-Malays. There are also other races at rates as low as ethnic Thai and Khmer and Altcham and indigenous people in the morning and Sarawaq, and Orang Asli in the peninsula. The origins of many Malaysians of being sailors of the assets of Javanese and Bugis and Manang, came from Indonesia between the seventeenth century and the early twentieth century.
The Malaysians of Chinese origin accounted for 23.7%, and Malaysians of Indian origin around 7.1%. And Peranakan ("straits born") are the families of Chinese and Indian settled in Malaysia in Malacca, comes with most of the races of the Chinese and Indian immigrants who came during the colonial period. As stated by European (British, Dutch and Bertgaleon) and Arabs during the colonial period, and integrated marriage of Christians and Muslims, where you will find in Malaysia ethnic group of Hadhrami from the Arabian Peninsula. Please find in Malaysia, other minorities such as Filipinos and Burmese and a small number of Vietnamese.
Concentrated nearly 20 million people in the Malay Peninsula, while East Malaysia dwell nearly 7 million people. There are also a large number of legal foreign workers and nearly one million illegal.
Religions: the religion of Islam is the official religion in most Malaysian states and the largest number of religions, despite the fact that Malaysian society multi-religious society. Muslims constitute about 60.4% of the population, while the form of Buddhism (19.2%), Christians (9.1%), Hindus (6.3%) and Confucianism, Taoism and other Chinese religions (2.6%). There are a few religions and marginal notably biotechnology and popular religion, Sikhism. The dominant religion in the Christian community Albomeybotra (50.1%).
The official religion: There are no official religion supported in all of Malaysia.
Malaysian constitution guarantees religious freedom, in what is considered the Shafi'i school is the doctrine which walks Conceived as religious judges in Malaysia.
Official Language: Malay.
Other languages: Malaysia is a multi-ethnic cultures and languages. As the Malays make up the majority of the population (as a group Bumiputra), the mother tongue is Malay (Bahasa Malaysia), and is considered the national language. To part, English is used widely in the major cities. Among the vernacular languages and common language Sanskrit or caustic with Sanskrit assets used by the Malays. It also brought the Indian Muslims Javanese language based on the Arabic script, and became popular with Islam being studied Vantstr among all classes. And the effects of the occupation of the European system of teaching writing in Latin and Sanskrit place Javanese.
The talk of the Chinese community in Malaysia several Chinese dialects, including Mandarin and Cantonese, and Alhokyin Alhaka and Tauccio. Spread between English and Chinese in major cities such as Kuala Lumpur, Petaling Jaya and Klang and Ipoh and Penang. It also speaks little of the language of Creole Alawroasewean, while strain speaks the language of immigrants from the Philippines Havacano.
Date
Old Date: back human impacts in Malaysia to a prehistoric age, ie to approximately 40,000 years ago. Scientists believe that Malaysians are descendants of the ancient farmers first Balostrunezih speakers, who have integrated and united with the indigenous population. The ancestors of the first Malay more diverse, and some of them linked to the roots in Indochina from the time of the last great ice age, approximately 20,000 years ago. After that there has been a proliferation of early Holusena across the Malay Peninsula to the island of South East Asia, and the ancestors of the first group in the Malay Peninsula, which used metal tools, they direct predecessor to the people of the Malay Malaysian current.
Indians knew the old Malay Peninsula Sovarnadwiba or on behalf of the "Golden Peninsula", and appeared on the map of Ptolemy under the name "Golden Alcheronez." At the beginning of the first century AD arrived traders and settlers from India and China, where the foundations of Chinese and Indian commercial ports and towns in the region in the second and third centuries centuries. In the first centuries of the first millennium, the population embraced the Malay Peninsula Indian religions of Hinduism, Buddhism and Sanskrit used.
The empire of Angkasuka one of the first known kingdoms that dominated the Malaysia, where stationed in the north of the Malay Peninsula around Tasik Cini. And between the seventh and thirteenth underwent most of Peninsular Malaysia to the Srivijaya empire, which was centered in Palembang on the island of Sumatra. Has attacked the Emperor Rajendra Chola Ganga Negara first area in the years 1025-1026, and its control over the region led to the decline in the greatness of Srivijaya, a kingdom dominated the Indonesian Kedah, Pattani and down to the Jaguars. After the fall of Srivijaya, Majapahit Empire dominated stationed in Java on most parts of Indonesia and the Malaysian peninsula and the coast of the island of Borneo.
In the early fifteenth century, created the Prince of Palembang Baramesuara dynasty and the Sultanate of Malacca. The occupation of the city to escape Balimbang and many others. Baramesuara then sailed to Temasek to escape persecution. Baramesuara then went north and founded a new settlement in Muar, where he wanted to build his kingdom Baramesuara new Biaoak Bosuk or in Kuta Borok, founded the city of Malacca after Terhal current. Then the safest Baramesuara after his marriage to Princess Pasay and took the title of "Shah", calling himself Iskandar Shah. Then Islam has become commonplace under his rule and later during the fifteenth century, the fact that the Kingdom of Malacca prominent force in the peninsula, where Islam spread towards neighboring countries, and by the beginning of the sixteenth century became the dominant religion among Malays.
In 1511 occupied Portugal Malaga, and established a colony there. Then fought three forces for control of the Strait of Malacca: Portugal (in Malacca), Johor, and Aceh, where the conflict continued until 1641, when it was dominated by the Dutch allied with Johor.
Contemporary history: Britain established the first colonies in the Malay Peninsula in 1786, after renting a British East India Company to the island of Penang from the Sultan of Kedah. In 1824, the British took control of Malacca after the Anglo-Dutch Treaty in 1824, which divided the Malay archipelago between Britain and the Netherlands. In 1826, she founded the United Kingdom crown colony of the Straits Settlements, so a unified four possessions in Malay: Penang and Malacca, Singapore, and the island of Labuan.
In the late 19th century, has adopted many of the Malaysian states on British help in resolving internal conflicts, which revolved around the tin. The treaty paved the Bangkor (1874), to expand the influence of the British in Malaya. With the turn of the century, were the states of Pahang and Selangor and Negeri Sembilan and Perak, known together as the states of the United Malays (not to be confused with the Federation of Malaya), were under the effective control of the British population. States have undergone the remaining five countries known as the Malay non-consolidated, to consult with the British early twentieth century. Johor was the only state that has maintained its independence throughout most of the nineteenth century.
During World War II strengthened the desire of national independence, and after the Japanese invasion and occupation of Malaya. At some point after the war and put Britain's plans to unify the management in Malaysia under the colony and single crown and invited the Federation of Malaya, but he was not pleased as it should as a result of strong opposition by the Malays, Vanhal this union and was replaced in 1948, the Federation of Malaya Fed, which has proved the autonomy of the rulers of the Malay states under British protection.
Then he began rebels of the Communist Party of Malaya internal war to expel the British from Malaya, where the continued state of emergency in Malaya between 1948-1960, and included a long campaign of Commonwealth troops to fight the insurgency. Then grant the Union in the framework of the Commonwealth of Independence on August 31 / August 1957.
In 1963, formed Malaya, Sabah (British North Borneo) and Sarawak State of Malaysia and Singapore, while pulled the Sultanate of Brunei. The proposed date for the declaration of Malaysia, August 31 / August 1963, but the opposition Indonesian government led by Sukarno delayed so Vtalv team from the United Nations to make sure that the desire of Sabah and Sarawak in Malaysia to join. Passed the first years of independence dispute with Indonesia over the formation of Malaysia, to Singapore graduated from Union in 1965, in addition to ethnic conflicts. She returned the morning of the Philippines based on the allegation that the Sultanate of Brunei ceded to the Sultanate of Sulu in the morning for in 1704, and is still the issue with Filbenaalqh. Since ethnic riots on May 13 / May 1969, Malaysia has maintained the balance of ethnic and political accurate.
The government under Mahathir bin Mohammed, Malaysia has seen years between eighty and ninety mid significant economic growth, as this period was characterized by the transformation of the agricultural economy to an industrial economy in areas such as computers and electronic consumables. It also resulted in some large-scale projects to bring about changes in Malaysia, such as the Petronas Twin Towers and Kuala Lumpur International Airport and the highway between the north and the south and the Sepang International Circuit and multimedia corridor Ripper Bakun Hydroelectric Dam and the administrative capital of Putrajaya, the new federal.
Elected King of Malaysia for a term of five years from among the nine sultans of the Malay States, while not involved four other States election. And enjoy judicial power independently of the authorities and Alhariaah Atidah, and building political in Malaysia affected much English. There Berlmanan composed of two chambers: the House of Representatives (Bureau Rakyat) and the Senate (Bureau Negara), and each state has its own legislative council (Divan Ondangan Negeri). And manages the executive authority of the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister.
0 التعليقات:
إرسال تعليق